COLLEGE BLOG

DEMOCRACY  image source: getty   The Greek Word Democratia Is A Combination Of The Words Demos (Meaning People) And Kratos (Meaning Rule).   This Gives Its Meaning To Democracy As A Form Of Government In Which The People Rule, Whether Directly Through Individual Participation Or Indirectly, Through Elected Representatives.   Of Course, The Main Difference Between Ancient And Modern Democracies Lies In The Way In Which 'the People' Were Defined.   In Ancient Greek Governance, 'demo' Was Defined Restrictively, And Specifically Excluded Three Main Categories Of Persons: Slaves, Women And Metics (Foreigners Who Lived And Worked In The City.   Classical And Contemporary Theories Of Democracy.   Different Models Of Democracy  Representative, Participatory And Deliberative   Representative Democracy And Its Critics: Since Direct Democracy Is Not Possible In Large And Complex Societies, The Mechanism Through Which People Participate Indirectly In Government Is To Elect Represen

  EQUALITY   image source: getty What is the concept of equality in Political Science. How equality is related to liberty ?  The Concept Of Equality Is Relative And Can Be Understood Only In A Concrete Context. Equality Is Not A Recognition Of A Treat Or A Reward. There Can Be No Final Identity Of Healing As Long As Men Differ In Wants, Abilities And Needs. Injustice Is Born Out Of Treating Unequals Equally As Much As From Treating Equals Unequally. And Most Importantly, Apart From Natural Inequalities, There Are Inequalities Created By Society – Inequalities On The Basis Of Birth, Wealth, Knowledge, Religion Etc. When Liberalism Insisted That All Men Are Equal By Birth, It Meant Challenging Property Ownership Suffrage. The Declaration Of The Rights Of Man Explicitly Recognized That Superior Talents And Qualities Of Character Are A Reasonable Basis For The Distinction Of Wealth, Honor And Power. History Does Not Move Toward Greater Equality Because The Faster We Eliminate

  image source: getty Liberal And Neo-Liberal Theory Of State  Without Going Into Too Many Details, Liberalism Can Be Explained As A Worldview That Gives Central Importance To The Idea Of ​​ Choice, Using This Choice In Various Fields Such As Marriage, Education, Enterprise, Work And Profession And Of Course Political Cases To Be Done.     Hobbes In His Book 'leviathan' Explicitly Acknowledged The Development Of A New Form Of Power, Public Power, Which Is Characterized By Stability And Sovereignty. Hobbes Opens His Account By Describing Human Nature As Saying That He Always Seeks 'more Intense Pleasure' And Is Therefore Characterized By Restlessness And The Desire To Maximize Power. It Famously Turns Human Society Into A 'War Of All Against All'. The Idea That People Can Come To Respect And Trust Each Other And Cooperate And Honor Their Promises And Contracts Seems Distant To Hobbes. This Is What He Describes As The State Of Nature, Here Life Becomes To

image source: getty   The Greek Philosopher, Aristotle, Who Defined Justice As Equal And Unequal Treatment Of Unequals In Proportion To Their Inequalities.   He Also Distinguished Three Types Of Justice, Namely Distributive Justice, Corrective Justice And Commutative Justice (I.  E.   Justice Of Equality In The Exchange Of Different Types Of Goods).   What Makes A Society Or A State Right In A Basic Sense Is Its Right Or Proper Sequence Of Human Relations By Giving Each Individual Its Due Rights And Duties As Well As Appropriate Rewards And Punishments.   Justice Does This By Bringing About An Adjustment Between The Principles Of Liberty, Equality, Cooperation Etc.     Procedural And Substantive Justice Fundamental Justice Refers To The Fairness Of Justice Or Material Or Result Of Laws, Policies, Decisions, Etc.   Theories Of Procedural Justice Have Traditionally Been Based On The Idea Of ​​the Formal Equality Of Individuals, That Is, Their Equality As Human Beings Or As Subjects Of Th

  RIGHTS  image source: getty                                                               What is current understanding of rights in Political Science ? Rights Are Rightly Called Social Claims That Help Individuals Achieve Their Best Selves And Help Develop Their Personality. States Never Grant Rights, They Only Recognize Them; Governments Never Give Authority, They Only Protect Them. For Example, Plato Believed That Only The State Can Deliver Justice And That The Job Of The Individual Is To Perform His Duties According To His Abilities And Capabilities. We Call These Philosophers Idealists. There Are Others, For Example John Locke, Who Hold That The State Exists As A Means To An End, And That The Ends Are 14 Persons, Implying That Individual Rights Are Sacrosanct And Nonviolent. Rights Are Not Privileges Because They Are Not Rights. There Is A Difference Between Rights And Privileges; Rights Are Our Claims On Others As Others Have Claims On Us; On The Other Hand Rights Are

IMAGE SOURCE: GETTY What is the meaning of Political Theory and what are its major approaches ? In the study of the social sciences, approaches are extremely important because they help us identify problems for our study and decide on the appropriate data to be used. One point of view suggests its own method whereas the opposite is not true. For example, the practical approach is related to the scientific method and the normative approach is related to the philosophical method. Standard Approach: The normative approach poses questions based on 'norms' or 'standards' in the study of social sciences for the purpose of evaluating values. Unlike the empirical approach which is concerned about 'what happened and why', the normative approach emphasizes on 'what should happen'.  Sometimes, the normative approach may be based on empirical assumptions to find out how or what a particular situation should be or what the state of affairs in a country should be. For